Clapping in Time Parallels Literacy & Calls Upon Overlapping Neural Mechanisms in Early Readers

Silvia Bonacina, Jennifer Krizman, Travis White-Schwoch & Nina Kraus Published in Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, 2018

ABSTRACT: The auditory system is extremely precise in processing the temporal information of perceptual events and using these cues to coordinate action. Synchronizing movement to a steady beat relies on this bidirectional connection between sensory and motor systems, and activates many of the auditory and cognitive processes used when reading. Here we use Interactive Metronome, a clinical intervention technology requiring an individual to clap her hands in time with a steady beat, to investigate whether the links between literacy and synchronization skills, previously established in older children, are also evident in children who are learning to read. We tested sixty-four typically-developing children (ages 5-7 yrs) on their synchronization abilities, neurophysiological responses to speech in noise, and literacy skills. We found that children who have lower variability in synchronizing have higher phase consistency, higher stability, and more accurate envelope encoding – all neurophysiological response components linked to language skills. Moreover, performing the same task with visual feedback reveals links with literacy skills, notably processing speed, phonological processing, word reading, spelling, morphology, and syntax. These results suggest that rhythm skills and literacy call on overlapping neural mechanisms, supporting the idea that rhythm training may boost literacy in part by engaging sensory-motor systems.

Interactive Metronome for Speech Pathologists & Audiologists

Speech Pathologists and Audiologists specialize in communication and swallowing disorders, but the effect these conditions have on individuals goes well beyond trouble expressing words. So, what is really needed is a tool that will help address these problems at their core, deep in the nervous system. Without proper training, pediatric clients may be left struggling to keep up with their peers and adults may lose their independence and safety in a world growing faster and more dangerous every minute.

There is help, and SLPs are talking about Interactive Metronome® (IM). Neurotiming is critical to speech, language and cognitive function. Timing is the basis for attention, working memory and processing speed, all of which are critical for auditory processing, reading and language development.